Welcome Darryl Z!
I've done a lot of tracing outlines from photos or raster images, and creating a photorealistic image. I was just working on a long term project of mine, doing just that.
No, there's no way to only have certain layers in outline mode. Although that might make for a nice new feature (imo), if anyone wanted to formally request it.
I usually draw all my outlines first. First I draw them in rough, at 100% zoom, then next I go back and fine tune them while zoomed in. Then for the last steps, I add color, usually remove the strokes, and adjust the transparency, and/or use gradients for the fills. I'm very careful about setting up the layers and sub-layers, so that with one click on 1 layer's visibility, I close off all my drawing layers, to view the photo again. I often click them off and on 10 or 15 times, trying to get the color, transparency and shape, for each object, just right. And with this new renderer in 0.91, I have to do it even more!
(As much as I'm SO happy with the new renderer that Inkscape acquired new in 0.91, because I can work on larger images, before I reach the limits of my RAM, it seems to have taken away the ability to see the pixels, which I rely on to locate the precise edges of of shapes, and to get accurate colors (with Dropper tool). Even viewing raster images or photos, there are no pixels to be seen, even zoomed in to 25,600%!! So I may have to tweak my workflow for that. And I guess I'll have to go back to 0.48.5 to finish my in-progress drawings.
I might even have to give up photorealistic drawing, because it's impossible to find the precise edges of objects, when the colors are quite similar! :sadb:)
Or maybe it would help you to go back to 0.48.5? When the pixels are visible, you would not need to see your vector outlines against the photo. You can zoom in, enough to see the pixels, select an object with the Node tool, then turn off the layer visibility, and you can see where the nodes are relative to the pixels. With 0.91, it becomes much more important to be able to see your vector path against the photo, and maybe viewing in outline mode per layer becomes more important!