Hhmm, I just thought of another possibility that didn't occur to me before. When you open Inkscape for the very first time (for some reason which seems bizarre to me) it's at 35% zoom. If you've never changed the zoom level, then you're probably still seeing everything at 35%. But I have to think you must have zoomed by now. You've been using Inkscape for a little while now, right?
But when you say
In all cases the Scale says 1.00000
it makes me think that Scale setting is the culprit. I know, it's confusing as all get-out. (to use an old expression, which I haven't heard for ages) But here's the deal.
Ok, the Scale setting should change (is supposed to change) whenever you change the Display Units. This is normal (although in my opinion, it's confusing for most users and should be hidden). Here's how to set it and use it properly:
1 -- Set the Display Units for pixels
2 -- Set the Scale for 1.0
Now, the Scale setting is correct. From here, never touch the Scale again, unless you've figured out why it's behaving this way (and I certainly don't understand why myself) and you want to use it for some reason.
Yes, whenever you change the Display Units, that Scale setting will change. But now, it will change itself in whatever way it needs to, to keep your document measurements correct. So you just have to know that it will change, and as long as it always says 1.0 when you switch it to pixels, you know it's correct, no matter which units you choose and use.
I know it's confusing, and as I said, I don't understand it myself. But unfortunately, that's what developers did, and at least for now, we pretty much have to live with it.
So, after you do the 2 steps above, don't touch the Scale setting again, and everything will be fine. No matter which units you use (and no matter what the Scale setting changes to) your measurements will be correct.