Well, I think I have some clues for you, but the 'why' is beyond my understanding.
I originated that file as a New Document in version 0.92.1, 64-bit. When first installed, the default Display Units is set to mm and the Scale Factor is 1.0. When I change Display Units to px, the Scale Factor automatically changes to 0.26548. That Scale Factor seems to come, mathematically, from the defined unit 'px' = 1/96 inches times 25.4 mm per inch = 0.26548...That is, 1 px = 0.26548 mm. In fact, any selection made for Display Units seems to result in a Scale Factor relative to millimeters.
I don't know if that is a bug, per se, or by design, but it seems as if one would want the Scale Factor to remain at 1.0, unless purposely changed. It results in some confusing behavior.
As an experiment, I set Display Units to px, leaving other document settings at their defaults (Scale Factor went to 0.26548). I then drew a horizontal line, set the units in the Tool Control Bar to mm and made the line width 100 mm. I then opened the Ruler Path Effects tool and set those units to mm and made Mark Distance = 5. The result was non-sensical. I had to change the Ruler Path Effects units to px, with Mark Distance = 5 to see marks every 5 mm. This seems like a strange way to work, but again, I am a newbie, not a professional.
I hope all this helps in deciding if this is a bug or a feature and determining where to go from here.
Chris