Welcome to the forum!
What size is the screen? Even though I agree that the icons are too small, the screen still looks too large for a laptop. According to the size of that image, the screen would be about 40 inches wide - longer than a yard wide!
Do you have your computer screen displayed on a large television?
You must be using an unusual screen resolution? For my 14 inch laptop, 1366 x 768 is the default resolution. (Your image is 3840 x 2160 px) Do all your other programs appear in a similar way - really tiny icons and a lot of extra/empty space? I'm just wondering if your resolution might be set differently from whatever the default is for you.
You can change the size of the icons in Inkscape Preferences > Interface. I've heard reports that changing the icon size doesn't always work. I've also heard reports that it works, but requires a restart (despite the fact it's not marked as needing a restart). But hopefully it will work for you.
Although changing the icon size can only do so much if there's an unusual resolution.
